The origin of Modernity is a problem often neglected in current debate, and several landmarks are often suggested, such as the new science, the Renaissance, Descartes philosophical approach or the Illustration. In this paper it is suggested that the roots of Modernity could pre-date those conventional landmarks, and could be found in the great political and cultural conflicts that occurred in Europe in the Low Middle Age.

Social innovations are urgently needed as we confront complex social problems. As these social problems feature substantial interdependencies among multiple systems and actors, developing and implementing innovative solutions involve the re-negotiating of settled institutions or the building of new ones. In this introductory article, we introduce a stylized three-cycle model highlighting the institutional nature of social innovation efforts. The model conceptualizes social innovation processes as the product of agentic, relational, and situated dynamics in three interrelated cycles that operate at the (...) micro, meso, and macro levels of analysis. The five papers included in this special issue address one or more of these cycles. We draw on these papers and the model to stimulate and offer guidance to future conversations on social innovations from an institutional theory perspective. (shrink)

The starting premise of this paper is that business models can transform social reality—sometimes to an extreme. Then, building on the concept of “grand challenges,” we argue that such transformations can be either positive or negative in nature —even in the case of business models designed to improve value not only economically but environmentally and socially as well. To further our understanding of the negative aspects, we introduced two conceptual categories of business model: those for oppression or depletion and exclusionary (...) ones. We further argue that bringing the notion of grand challenges center-stage highlights four elements that can contribute to emerging research and inform practice on transformational business models. These elements are: participatory forms of architecture; multivocal inscriptions; scaffolding; and proximity. They are central components of what we name transformational business models. (shrink)

Theoretical and empirical contributions to the understanding of communicative interactions between heterospecifics are scarce and tend to apply a monological model of communication that focuses on the transfer of information from signallers to receivers. This study relies on an alternative model of communication, semiotic alignment, which sees communicative interaction as a dialogical process of joint semiosis resulting in the alignment of the interactants’ own-worlds. We conducted an experiment where dyads composed of an elephant instruction-giver and a human instruction-receiver needed to (...) engage in dynamic and interactive communication in order to solve a cooperative object-choice task. Our results showed that dyads were able to solve the task well above chance levels. Moreover, cross-recurrence analysis revealed that interactants were synchronizing referential indexical gestures throughout the experiment. However, we were not able to confirm a direct correlation between joint deixis and experimental outcomes, presumably because these outcomes are dependent on other forms of joint semiosis not analysed in this study. (shrink)

Morin argues that fully fledged ideography is hindered by a problem of standardization. In general, the argument makes a great deal of sense, but we find that it is easier to grasp if, unlike the author, we consider ideography a language – one whose symbols (graphs) are not as effortless to produce as those of spoken and sign languages (phones, gestures).

El més gran dels pensadors i el més petit dels homes”; amb aquestes paraules va referir-se Gadamer d'una manera molt punyent a la desconcertant figura del seu mestre, Martin Heidegger. L’autor d’Ésser i temps ens ha deixat en herència no només una obra filosòfica capaç d’exercir una grandíssima influència, sinó també el repte d’interpretar la tensió entre vida i pensament. Hem de creure que cal una gran vida per tal que hi hagi un gran pensament? O hem d’admetre que no (...) hi ha cap relació entre una cosa i l’altra i, per tant, que un gran pensador pot adherir-se de forma entusiasta a un dels règims polítics més abjectes de la història d’Europa sense comprometre la qualitat de la seva producció filosòfica? Heidegger és segurament un exponent d'una Europa contradictòria i angoixant: no només un representant excepcional de la millor tradició filosòfica, sinó també de les grans bogeries i pors del segle XX. (shrink)

A partir de l’étude d’un corpus de travaux de géographes en français et en anglais depuis les années 1990, l’article est consacré à la manière dont les études géographiques portant sur les espaces dits des Suds, entendus comme faisant partie des pays dominés à l’échelle mondiale, intègrent la notion de mondialisation. Le constat de la faible prise en compte des pays des Suds dans les études portant sur la mondialisation est d’abord établi. En réaction, nombre de géographes concernés ont intégré (...) cette dimension dans leurs travaux pour montrer ce qu’était la mondialisation depuis les Suds et qu’il s’agissait d’un phénomène bien réel dont ils n’étaient pas exclus. Les travaux sont souvent orientés idéologiquement, les uns développant des approches critiques de la mondialisation, dans la filiation d’études marxistes et tiers-mondistes, les autres insistant au contraire sur les conséquences bénéfiques de la mondialisation pour les pays des Suds. La plupart convergent cependant pour considérer que la mondialisation accentue les inégalités sociales et spatiales, assertion qui est ici à la fois considérée puis soumise à discussion. (shrink)

La nueva era mediática en la que vivimos ha vuelto a una producción cultural compartida, sobre la base de una nueva supremacía del “medium” por encima de la conciencia individual.

Qualsevol que es llegeixi aquest llibre s'adonarà que molts d'aquests mites amb els quals ens han promès la felicitat no són ni tan sòlids, ni tan certs, ni tan "progres" com sembla. Amb lúcida ironia, Ignasi Riera reflexiona sobre algunes de les qüestions que actualment saturen els mitjans de comunicació i que, com a polític i periodista, l'han preocupat al llarg de la seva vida: la idealització del món rural, l'obsessió per la salut, però també el maniqueisme de certes (...) actituds pseudodemocràtiques, les paradoxes de la societat del benestar o el fals esquerrisme. La crítica de fons és doblement interessant: marcada pel to satíric i desenfadat que el caracteritza, Riera ens proposa la deconstrucció d'un concepte viciat com és el de la felicitat, enganyós, mercantil i utilitari, i d'aquestes formes de pensament dirigit que, segons ens diuen alguns, són el camí per arribar-hi. La conclusió és clara: els que pretenem lluitar contra la felicitat, hem de canviar de sentit tota la nostra vida així com el conjunt de les nostres creences: tirar al foc moltes de les que semblen veritats eternes.IGNASI RIERA, escriptor, articulista, comentarista radiofònic i polític, ha conreat tots els gèneres literaris. Ha estat guardonat amb els premis Octubre, Ramon Llull i Pere Quart d'Humor i Sàtira. És autor de llibres de narrativa breu, de novel·les, de pamflets, dels llibres de no ficció: El meu oncle Pere Quart, Un patriota exemplar, Els catalans de Franco, Viatgers de Barcelona, Jordi Pujol. Llums i ombres ; de la biografia, Lluís Llach: companys no és això i de Llibre d'hores del ben menjar. A Edicions 62 ha publicat: Pàries, sindicalistes, demagogs, Diccionari de la Cuina Catalana i Un català a Madrid. (shrink)

Clinical ethics consultants often confront the most difficult clinical encounters, typically in the setting of chronically critically ill patients and surrogate decision makers. These encounters require not only analytical skills but interpersonal skills as well. In this article, I focus on an interpersonal skill absent from the American Society for Bioethics and the Humanities Task Force’s Core Competencies for Healthcare Ethics Consultation. I introduce the psychoanalytic concept of transference and argue that knowledge and use of transference phenomena are sometimes indispensable (...) for ethics consultation with surrogate decision makers. For solicitation of moral views, disclosure of relevant beliefs and values, and identification of the central ethical question—essential to assessment and analysis—cannot at times begin without recognition and working through of transference. (shrink)

A history of rare archival amateur photographs and films from Nazi Germany.

Before he recognized the role of the Tradition in the Church, Newman rooted his life in the Bible, memorizing the King James Version. He commented on it throughout his life. This essay canvasses Newman’s reading of the Fourth Gospel, and brings to light the theology of the word presupposed by Newman’s interpretation of Scripture.

Este artículo revisa la situación de la teoría filosófica del conocimiento en la segunda mitad del siglo XX y el aporte de L. Polo a la misma. Se considera la importancia del aporte de L. Polo al realismo gnoseológico que se ha ido abriendo paso en esta época postmoderna, después de los excesos del criticismo inmanentista moderno. Se destacan dos aspectos relevantes de la teoría del conocimiento de L. Polo: a) su propuesta de una versión realista, no husserliana-cartesiana, de la (...) intencionalidad cognitiva como intencionalidad del objeto respecto a la realidad objetivada y no como relación del acto al objeto, y b) su aporte a la superación del criticismo inmenentista moderno mediante la identificación y revisión de sus orígenes tardomedievales en el representacionismo semántico de Ockham y en el representacionismo especulativo de Duns Escoto. (shrink)

Al llibre ¿Què ens fa humans? (2022), Salvador Macip explora la pregunta del títol a través d’un diàleg fructífer entre la ciència i la filosofia. Ara bé, Macip diu que no està interessat en tota la filosofia, sinó només en «la part de la filosofia que ha aplicat el mètode científic » (p. 159). A quina part de la filosofia fa referència exactament? Repassarem les idees principals del llibre de Macip fent especial esment dels filòsofs que es mencionen. Així, podrem (...) tenir una idea més precisa de quina mena de filosofia és la que interessa a Macip. També revisarem breument les referències artístiques incloses al llibre de Macip, ja que el mateix autor afirma que «ciència i art no s’haurien de veure com dues entitats separades (i gairebé antagòniques) […], sinó com components del mateix concepte, el de la cultura humana» (p. 35). (shrink)

Communicative interactions across different species have so far received relatively little attention from cognitive or behavioral scientists. Most research in this area views the process of communication as the adaptive interaction of manipulative signalers and information-assessing receivers. This paper discusses some shortcomings of the information/influence model of communication, particularly in the empirical study of interspecific communicative interactions. It then presents an alternative theoretical model, based on recent contributions in psycholinguistics and semiotics. The semiotic alignment model views communication as a dynamic (...) process of joint semiosis resulting in the alignment of the interactants’ own-worlds (Umwelten). It is argued that this model can improve our understanding of communicative interactions between heterospecifics and provide the basis for future work in the empirical study of interspecific communication. (shrink)

El artículo pretende explorar la línea de la pasividad —o redundancia— de la culpabilidad en el hombre. La cuestión existencial es la posibilidad de superación de la culpa. Así pues, se recorren y analizan los diversos momentos antropológicos generados por la culpa: el sentimiento de culpa y el arrepentimiento humano. Existe una experiencia privilegiada para la superación de la culpa: el perdón humano. Afrontamos finalmente el acto antropológico del perdón: sus posibilidades, su verdad y sus límites.

v. 1. L'estudiant. Vida oculta.--v. 2. Cicle apologètic i social. Cicle polític i filosófic.--v. 3. Documents balmesians.

While research on question–answer sequences has yielded important insights into the structures of responses and the actions they implement, the advising literature has illuminated how advice-giving may be resisted or avoided in certain institutional contexts. In this study, we examine the audio-recorded Q&A sections of applicant webinars delivered by a major philanthropic foundation in the United States, with a particular focus on the foundation representatives’ complex responses to audience members’ yes–no questions that seek specificity. Within a conversation analytic framework, we (...) show how the practice of going general is engaged to manage the demands of being helpful to the individual questioner without appearing to guarantee a particular outcome while foregrounding the foundation’s principles and priorities for the broader audience. Findings of this study may be useful for formulating recommendations for foundation representatives tasked with communicating effectively with potential grantees. (shrink)

Dans la ligne de pensée de Guénon et de Schuon, constamment évoqués sinon invoqués au cours de l'ouvrage, une sérieuse investigation sur le sens de l'histoire sous l'angle de la Tradition. Poursuite d'un projet déjà instauré avec "Le véritable secret de Nostradamus" (1971), ce livre esquisse le bilan actuel où un syncrétisme inhérent à la Tradition qu'il suppose ne nuit pas au sérieux des réflexions de l'auteur.

Clinical ethics consultants respond to a multitude of issues, ranging from the cognitive to the emotional. As such, ethics consultants must be prepared to analyze as well as empathize. And yet, there remains a paucity of research and training on the interpersonal and emotional aspects of clinical ethics consultations—the so-called skills in “advanced ethics facilitation.” This article is a contribution to the need for further understanding and practical knowledge in the emotional aspects of ethics consultation. In particular, I draw attention (...) to defense mechanisms: what they are, why they exist, and how we might work with them in the setting of ethics consultation. (shrink)

Le sens du toucher s'étend au corps entier qui, en chacune de ses parties, éprouve la sensation de présence ou de résistance ; mais c'est évidemment la main, avec ses doigts flexibles, qui montre l'aptitude supérieure à lier le tact et la prise, à agir en puissance ou en délicatesse. 'Cette main est philosophe,' notait Valéry, 'ce qu'elle touche est réel.' La main vaque au plaisir, comme elle teste la réalité qui nous entoure, conjuguant sans les confondre les deux principes (...) de la vie psychique. Tantôt elle loue la positivité de l'existence des objets qu'elle perçoit, tantôt elle tire jouissance d'être touchée en touchant, de profiter d'une espèce d'alliance énigmatique, éprouvée en partenariat avec un autre être, entre altérité et intimité. Le présent livre propose une phénoménologie du toucher, prolongée par l'examen des destins de la touche, selon qu'elle agit dans le dessin, la peinture et l'écriture, dont sont ici retracées les évolutions matérielles et technologiques."--Page 4 of cover. (shrink)

Open peer commentary on the article “A Computational Constructivist Model as an Anticipatory Learning Mechanism for Coupled Agent–Environment Systems” by Filipo Studzinski Perotto. Upshot: Constructivist theory gives a nice high-level account of how knowledge can be autonomously developed by an agent interacting with an environment, but it fails to detail the mechanisms needed to bridge the gap between low levels of sensorimotor data and higher levels of cognition. AI workers are trying to bridge this gap, using task-specific engineering approaches, without (...) any principled theory to guide them; they could use help from psychologists. (shrink)

It is widely accepted that the academic job market is very limited and unlikely to expand any time soon, yet enrolments in PhDs continue to rise. If the PhD is no longer preparation for academia, w...

Human beings adapt the spontaneous pace of their actions to interact with the environment. Yet, the nature of the mechanism enabling such adaptive behavior remains poorly understood. The aim of the present contribution was to examine the role of attention in motor timing using time series analysis, and a dual task paradigm. In a series of two studies, a finger-tapping task was used in sensorimotor synchronization with various tempi and motor complexity. Time series analyzes indicated that two different timing strategies (...) were used depending on the speed constraints. At slow tempi, tapping sequences were characterized by strong negative autocorrelations, suggesting the implication of cognitive predictive timing. When moving at fast and close-to-spontaneous tempi, tapping sequences were characterized by less negative autocorrelations, suggesting that timing properties emerged from body movement dynamics. The analysis of the dual-task reaction times confirmed that both the temporal and spatial constraints impacted the attentional resources allocated to the finger-tapping tasks. Overall, our work suggests that moving fast and slow involve distinct timing strategies that are characterized by contrasting attentional demands. (shrink)

Este artículo presenta una reflexión sobre dos componentes de la Educación Inclusiva apoyada en la investigación a nivel internacional. En primer lugar, su condición sincrónica, aquí especificada como comunitaria, por la que la actividad de los centros educativos no se entiende como aislada, sino en complicidad con la comunidad en que se ubican. Se describen tanto las estrategias que favorecen la inclusión dentro del aula, de acuerdo con el currículo general, como la necesidad de establecer una red de apoyos con (...) los recursos disponibles en la comunidad. Se pone un énfasis especial en las situaciones de gran diversidad entre los niveles de aprendizaje del alumnado, argumentando que una visión progresiva del aprendizaje permite todos compartan contenidos y actividades, aunque varíen los objeticos. En segundo lugar, reflexionamos sobre la condición diacrónica de la inclusión, aquí especificada como longitudinal, por la que todo proceso inclusivo debe tender a la inclusión social, contemplando las diferentes etapas vitales. Se concluye detectando el incremento de barreras para la inclusión a medida que se avanza en dichas etapas, la necesidad que desde las primeras se tenga en cuenta esta perspectiva longitudinal y que se coordinen las políticas educativas y sociales para conseguir una plena inclusión. (shrink)

Three approximations to the understanding of nonhuman animals are discussed. Ethologists and philosophers of mind, guided by an objectifying model of cognition, have not enquired about the being-in-the-world of animals and their meaning. The continental tradition has been asking the right questions, but has not given adequate answers, as ontological discourse remains tied up with logocentrism. Kafka’s animal fictions are presented as an example of how the human logos can be attentive to the worlds of other animals and allow them (...) to manifest themselves in their own being, an attitude defined as imaginary attentiveness. (shrink)

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders in children and adolescents. People who have this disorder are characterized by presenting difficulties in the processes of sustained attention, being very active, and having poor control of their impulses. Despite the high prevalence of this disorder and the existence of various tests used for its diagnosis, few data are available regarding the usefulness and diagnostic validity of these tools. Given the difficulties that these subjects present in executive functions, (...) the aim of this study was to evaluate whether the Neuropsychological Assessment of Executive Functions battery for Children allows to establish specific profiles of executive performance for people with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. The sample was made up of 197 participants of both sexes, aged between 6 and 12 years age. A nonexperimental design was followed, using a comparative descriptive study method. The results indicated that the scales of phonological fluency, color path, rings, and interference are the most associated with the diagnosis of ADHD, providing data on inhibition, mental flexibility, sustained and selective attention, planning, verbal fluency, and working memory, among others. The practical implication of these results is in line with providing support in the clinical diagnosis that is carried out in children’s mental health units. In addition, the ENFEN tool can be valued as a suitable psychometric instrument in the psychoeducational field, helping professionals in a school environment to be more aware of the areas of cognitive development in which a student diagnosed with ADHD will have more difficulties and, in doing so, providing more adjusted and effective psychopedagogical measures when it comes to supporting students in their adaptation to the school environment. (shrink)

This study examines activities and processes through which projects of moral regulation are implemented as well as lived, transformed, and resisted by their targeted actors. Our ethnographic study focuses on discourses and practices of civic duty for orderly and hygienic conduct in the rehabilitation of marketplaces in Yaoundé, Cameroon. By drawing on the inhabited institutions approach and the literature on ethics as practice, our analysis extends research on moral work to put forward a perspective on moral regulation as a situated (...) practice. We show how moral work is built on individual reflections but is simultaneously negotiated through actors’ relationships, that is, responsibilities to family, interactions within the community, and personal history. (shrink)